Abstract Objectives: microbiological quality of raw human milk (HM) from donors at the HMB (Human Milk Bank) of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ouro Preto was evaluated. Methods: the microbiological quality of milk from each of 10 donors in triplicate (30 samples) was evaluated by enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus and total aerobic mesophiles (surface plating) and total and thermotolerant coliforms (Most Probable Number - MPN). A questionnaire and a checklist were applied after the end of sample collection to verify the compliance of milk extraction and storage procedures by the donors. Results: inadequacies in the procedures for expression and storage of donated HM were observed. The presence of all microorganisms studied were verified in the milk of all donors, and in some cases exceeded the safety limits. The checklist indicated that some necessary hygienic-sanitary procedures were not carefully performed, making it important to properly guide the donors. Conclusions: this study points to an unfavorable scenario for the safety and quality of donated HM, and it is important to encourage further studies to be conducted so that the Brazilian network of HMB adopts stricter criteria for instructions on procedures and support for HM donors.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliou-se a qualidade microbiológica do leite humano (LH) cru de doadoras do Banco de Leite Humano (BLH) da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ouro Preto. Métodos: a qualidade microbiológica do leite de cada uma das 10 doadoras em triplicata (30 amostras) foi avaliada por meio da enumeração de Staphylococcus aureus e mesóflos aeróbios totais (plaqueamento em superfície) e coliformes totais e termotolerantes (Número Mais Provável -NMP). Para verificar a conformidade dos procedimentos de extração e armazenamento do leite pelas doadoras, aplicou-se um questionário e um checklist após o término da coleta das amostras. Resultados: observou-se inadequações nos procedimentos de expressão e armazenamento do LH doado. A presença de todos os microrganismos estudados foram verificados no leite de todas as doadoras e, em alguns casos, excedeu os limites de segurança. O checklist indicou que alguns procedimentos higiênico-sanitários necessários não foram realizados criteriosamente, tornando importante orientar adequadamente as doadoras. Conclusões: este estudo aponta um cenário desfavorável para a segurança e a qualidade do LH doado, sendo importante incentivar mais estudos a serem realizados para que a rede brasileira de BLH adote critérios mais rigorosos de instruções sobre procedimentos e suporte para doadoras de LH.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the application of thermosonication for the viability of Staphylococcus aureus and the antioxidant activity of HM. The US effect on the S. aureus was measured by counting viable cells in discarded HM immediately before and after different treatments varying time (1, 5 and 10 minutes) and temperature (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C) through surface plating on standard agar. The antioxidant activity evaluation was carried out by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. With Regarding microbiological quality, it can be concluded that treatment with US at 60 °C for 10 minutes was the most effective in terms of reducing the viability of S. aureus, in addition to presenting a significant increase in the content of antioxidants when compared to raw and pasteurized milk samples.

Abstract Jabuticaba is a fruit sensory appreciated and has significant nutritional and functional value. However, it is quite perishable, and its use is interesting for the preparation of other products such as fermented jabuticaba, from a nutritional, biological and technological point of view. This study evaluated the interference of maceration time over antioxidant capacity, volatile compounds profile and temporal dominant sensation of fermented jabuticaba. Four different treatments of fermented jabuticaba in different fermentation times were prepared (96, 120, 144 and 168 h). After preparation, total monomeric anthocyanin content, total antioxidant activity by 2,2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and iron reduction method, volatile compounds profile by gas chromatography and sensory analysis of temporal dominance of sensations were performed of fermented jabuticaba. The highest concentration of total anthocyanins (25.81 mg/100 g) and antioxidant activity (78.34 μmol Trolox/g e 84.69 μM FeSO4/g) of jabuticaba is in its skin. Regarding the antioxidant activity by FRAP method, the fermented beverages presented higher value than the whole fruit. However, after 96 h of maceration, the values decreased, followed by an increase after 144 h. In all maceration times the predominant sensation was acidic taste, initially and then astringency, the most persistent sensation in all treatments. However, there was a downward trend in this sensation with the increase in maceration time, as well as isoamyl alcohol content.

Resumo É relevante conhecer a qualidade higiênico-sanitária do leite humano cru e estabelecer as melhores condições de armazenamento para a preservação de seus componentes nutricionais e funcionais. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade higiênico-sanitária do leite humano extraído no domicílio de mães e analisar o efeito do tempo e da temperatura de congelamento na capacidade antioxidante total desse leite. O leite de cinco mães foi avaliado individualmente para Staphylococcus aureus, contagem total de mesófilos aeróbios, bolores e leveduras, coliformes totais e termotolerantes. As amostras foram armazenadas a -8 °C, -18 °C e -40 °C por 2, 4, 8 e 15 dias, e analisadas quanto à capacidade antioxidante total pelo radical livre 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil e por métodos de eliminação do ácido 2,2-azino 3-etilbenzotiazolino-6-sulfônico. As análises microbiológicas das amostras de leite humano cru indicaram contagens de todos os microrganismos estudados acima dos limites considerados seguros. Em relação ao efeito do tempo de congelamento e da temperatura na capacidade antioxidante total, concluiu-se que, independentemente da temperatura de congelamento, houve redução significativa ao longo do tempo, e quanto menor a temperatura de armazenamento, maior a atividade antioxidante total do leite.

Abstract Knowledge of the hygienic-sanitary quality of raw human milk helps to establish the best storage conditions for the preservation of its nutritional and functional components. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality of human milk extracted at the mothers’ homes, and to analyze the effect of freezing time and temperature on the milk’s total antioxidant capacity. Milk of five mothers was evaluated individually for Staphylococcus aureus, total aerobic mesophilic counts, mold and yeasts, total and thermotolerant coliforms. The milk pool was stored at -8 °C, -18 °C and -40 °C for 2, 4, 8 and 15 days and analyzed for the total antioxidant capacity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and 2,2-azino 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid scavenging methods. The microbiological analyses of the raw human milk samples indicated counts of all the studied microorganisms above the safe limits. Related to the effect of freezing time and temperature on total antioxidant capacity, it was concluded that, regardless of the freezing temperature, a significant reduction occurred on total antioxidant capacity over time and that the lower the storage temperature, the greater its total antioxidant activity.

Abstract The consumption of white sesame has become a healthy option for those who are concerned about health and wish to reduce oxidative stress. The germination has been used an effective method to increase the nutrients availability and thus provide a better nutritional quality of these seeds. Due to the lack of researches about sesame germination the objective of this study was to evaluate the different times of germination on the chemical composition (moisture, fat, protein and ashes), the antioxidant capacity and the phenolic compounds of white sesame. The germination occurred inside a greenhouse with controlled temperature at 30 °C and the variables were analyzed in the times 0, 24, 36 and 48 hours of germination. The process increased the levels of moisture and reduced the levels of fat, protein and ashes. On the other hand, it also increased the antioxidant capacity by two methods and raised the quantity of total phenolic compounds. Based in the present study and in others similar works, it is possible to affirm that the germination process increase the white sesames’ antioxidant capacity, however further studies are needed to evaluate a better environmental condition of germination and others factors that may affect the composition.

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito citotóxico dos corantes alimentares amarelo crepúsculo, vermelho bordeaux e amarelo tartrazina sobre o ciclo celular de Allium cepa L. Cada corante foi avaliado nas doses de 0,4 e 4,0 mL, nos tempos de exposição de 24 e 48 horas, em células de pontas de raízes de Allium cepa L. Prepararam-se lâminas e analisaram-se células, em todo o ciclo celular, e a presença de aberrações celulares, totalizando 5.000 células para cada dose avaliada. Foi calculado o índice mitótico e a análise estatística foi feita por meio do teste quiquadrado (p < 0,05). Os resultados mostraram que os três corantes, nas doses e tempos de exposição avaliados, foram citotóxicos às células do sistema-teste utilizado. Estudos adicionais de citotoxicidade devem ser conduzidos para se somar a estes resultados e, assim, avaliar, com propriedade, a ação destes três corantes em nível celular.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the food dyes sunset yellow, bordeaux red, and tartrazine yellow on the cellular cycle of Allium cepa L. Each dye was evaluated at the doses of 0.4 and 4.0 mL, at the exposure times of 24 and 48 hours in root tip cells of Allium cepa L. Slides were prepared and cells were analyzed during the whole cell cycle for cellular aberrations totaling 5,000 total cells for each dose evaluated. The mitotic index was calculated, and statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test (p < 0.05). The results showed that the three dyes used under the evaluated doses and exposure times were cytotoxic to the cells of the system-test used. Further cytotoxicity studies should be conducted for additional results and a proper evaluation of the effect of these three dyes on a cellular level.

A elaboração de doces através do processamento de frutas é uma alternativa promissora para a sua conservação pelo fato de proporcionar um sabor agradável, com o aumento da doçura, e permitir uma boa conservação do produto por tempo prolongado. Diante da busca por qualidade e maior durabilidade de doces de frutas, o objeto do trabalho foi avaliar a interferência da adição de sorbato de potássio e das embalagens de polipropileno, metálicas e de filmes de celofane sobre a qualidade, por meio das características físicas, químicas e microbiológicas do doce em massa de goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) durante o armazenamento. As análises físicas, químicas e microbiológicas mostraram que os diferentes tipos de embalagens não interferiram na estabilidade do doce de goiaba em massa até o 5° mês de armazenamento, sendo o tempo, o fator que mais influenciou na qualidade do doce quando armazenado em temperatura e umidade de 19,6 °C e 76,2%, respectivamente. O sorbato de potássio ocasionou um aumento do teor de sólidos solúveis e diminuição da atividade de água. Independente do tratamento, os doces permaneceram microbiologicamente estáveis durante o armazenamento.

The elaboration of preserves through fruit processing is a promising alternative for their conservation. Such processing provides pleasant flavor due to the increase of sweetness and allows good conservation of the product for a prolonged time. Seeking quality and higher durability of fruit preserves, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the interference of potassium sorbate addition, and polypropylene, metallic and cellophane film packaging on the quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) preserves during storage, through the physical, physiochemical and microbiological characteristics. The physical, physiochemical and microbiological analyses showed that the different types of packaging did not interfere in the stability of the guava preserves until the 5th month of storage - time being the factor that most influences the quality of the preserves when stored under temperature and humidity of 19.6 °C and 76.2%, respectively. The potassium sorbate caused an increase of the soluble solid levels and a decrease of the water activity. Regardless of the treatment, the preserves remained microbiologically stable during storage.

A vida útil de doces pode ser estendida com a utilização de conservantes e outros métodos combinados de conservação. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o efeito da concentração de sorbato de potássio, concentração de ácido cítrico e razão polpa/açúcar sobre as características físicas e físico-químicas de formulações de doce de goiaba. Foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial 2³ completo com 3 pontos centrais. Modelos lineares foram ajustados para descrever as respostas em função dos fatores significativos. Resultados mostraram que a concentração de sorbato de potássio teve pouca influência sobre as respostas analisadas, exceto para o pH; a razão polpa/açúcar e a concentração de ácido cítrico são as variáveis mais relevantes nesse processo. Para obter doces firmes e de maior rendimento é necessário o aumento da concentração de ácido cítrico e a diminuição da razão polpa/açúcar.

The shelf life of preserves can be extended by the use of preservatives and other combined preservation methods. The objective of the present study was to verify the effects of potassium sorbate and citric acid concentrations and the pulp:sugar ratio on the physical and physicochemical characteristics of guava preserve formulations. A complete 2³ factorial design was used with 3 central points. Linear models were fitted to describe the responses as a function of the significant factors. The results showed that the potassium sorbate concentration had little effect on the responses analysed, except for the pH. The pulp/sugar ratio and the citric acid concentration are the most relevant variables to this process. The citric acid concentration and the pulp:sugar ratio must be increased to obtain firm preserves and greater yield.